Managing Seasonal Allergies

Managing Seasonal Allergies: Expert Tips from a Pharmacist

Seasonal allergies, also known as allergic rhinitis, are an unwelcome visitor for millions of people each year. As the weather changes, pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds is released into the air, triggering a range of symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and sinus congestion. While some may dismiss seasonal allergies as a minor inconvenience, they can seriously impact your daily life. Pharmacists regularly encounter patients seeking relief from these symptoms so here is some practical advice to help you navigate this allergy season.

1. Know Your Triggers

The first step in managing allergies is understanding what you’re allergic to. Seasonal allergies are typically triggered by pollen from plants, trees, and grasses. The exact type of pollen that affects you depends on your geographical location and the time of year.

• Spring: Tree pollens are more common.

• Summer: Grass pollen dominates.

• Year round: Dust mites and domestic pets are the most common causes when symptoms occur at any time of the year. 

If you’re unsure which allergens are bothering you, consider keeping a symptom diary or undergoing allergy testing with a healthcare provider to pinpoint specific triggers.

2. Monitor Pollen Count

Pollen levels can vary from day to day and even hour to hour. Many weather apps and websites now include local pollen counts, which can be a valuable tool for planning your day. Try to limit outdoor activities when pollen levels are at their peak, which is typically in the morning and early afternoon.

If you must be outside, consider wearing sunglasses to protect your eyes from pollen or wearing a mask if your symptoms are severe. Also, shower and change clothes after spending time outdoors to remove any pollen that may have settled on your skin or clothing.

3. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications: Choose Wisely

There is a wide variety of OTC medications available to help manage seasonal allergy symptoms, but not all of them are created equal. Here’s a breakdown of common options:

• Antihistamines: These medications block histamine, a chemical your body releases during an allergic reaction. First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl) can be effective but often cause drowsiness. Second-generation antihistamines, such as cetirizine , loratadine , and fexofenadine are less sedating and tend to be preferred for daytime use.

Pharmacist tip: Start taking your antihistamine before symptoms become severe, ideally a week or two before allergy season begins. This helps prevent the allergic response from escalating.

• Nasal Corticosteroids: These are among the most effective treatments for allergic rhinitis. They reduce inflammation in the nasal passages, relieving congestion, sneezing, and runny nose. Common products include fluticasone . It may take a few days for nasal steroids to show their full effect, so consistency is key.

Pharmacist tip: Aim to use these sprays daily during allergy season for the best results, not just when you’re experiencing symptoms.

• Decongestants: If nasal congestion is your main issue, decongestants can help. Oral decongestants like pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine (found in many cold medications) are available from your pharmacist. However, they may cause side effects such as increased heart rate and jitteriness. Nasal decongestant sprays can provide fast relief but should only be used for a few days at a time to avoid rebound congestion.

Pharmacist tip: If you have high blood pressure or certain heart conditions, consult your healthcare provider before using decongestants.

4. Lifestyle Adjustments to Minimize Exposure

Along with medications, making small lifestyle changes can significantly reduce your exposure to allergens.

• Keep Windows Closed: During peak pollen seasons, keep your home and car windows closed to prevent pollen from entering.

• Use Air Purifiers: High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters can help trap pollen and other allergens, improving your indoor air quality.

• Wash Bedding Frequently: Pollen can settle on your bedding, especially if you sleep with windows open. Wash your sheets regularly in hot water to remove allergens.

• Use the Dryer: While air-drying clothes is eco-friendly, pollen can cling to fabrics. During allergy season, use your dryer to avoid bringing allergens into your home.

5. When to See a Doctor

If OTC medications aren’t providing enough relief, or if your symptoms are interfering with daily activities, it may be time to consult with a healthcare provider. In some cases, prescription treatments, such as stronger antihistamines, leukotriene inhibitors (like montelukast), or even allergy injections (immunotherapy), may be necessary.

Immunotherapy involves regular exposure to small amounts of the allergen to help your immune system become less reactive over time. While this is a long-term treatment, it can significantly reduce or even eliminate symptoms for some people.

6. A Pharmacist’s Final Thoughts

Allergies are a common but manageable condition. By taking proactive steps like monitoring pollen counts, using medications correctly, and minimizing allergen exposure, you can reduce your symptoms and enjoy a more comfortable allergy season. As always, your local pharmacist is a valuable resource for personalized advice and can help you choose the best treatments based on your health needs.

With the right approach, seasonal allergies don’t have to hold you back from enjoying the great outdoors. Take control of your symptoms early and make the most of every season!